十一、Actionable 可交互通知

从 iOS 8 起苹果就引入了可以交互的通知,其实现方式是把一组 action 放到一个 category 中,然后将这个 category 进行注册,最后在发送通知时将通知的 category 设置为要使用的 category 即可。到了 iOS10,苹果又对这些 action 做了统一。

1,效果图

(1)下面是一个带有 action 交互的通知。设备接收到通知后默认的展示效果和普通的通知一样,点击通知同样也会打开应用。

(2)而当我们下拉或者使用 3D touch 展开通知后,就可以看到下方会出现对应的 action 按钮。

(3)这里我们添加了三个按钮,点击后的功能分别如下:

  • 点击“点个赞”:自动打开应用,同时在程序界面上弹出用户操作信息。
  • 点击“取消”:自动清除通知,且不会打开应用。(如果我们之后手动打开程序,界面上也会弹出用户操作信息。)
  • 点击“评论”:界面下方会出现一个输入框。用户输入文字并提交后,会自动打开应用,同时在程序界面上弹出刚才输入的文字内容。 ### 2,样例代码

(1)NotificationHandler.swift

为方便管理维护,这里我们将通知响应(action 响应)放在一个单独的文件中。并且将通知的 category 和 action 的标识符都定义成枚举。

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import UIKit
import UserNotifications
 
//通知category标识符枚举
enum NotificationCategory: String {
    case news  //新闻资讯通知category
}
 
//通知category的action标识符枚举
enum NotificationCategoryAction: String {
    case like
    case cancel
    case comment
}
 
//通知响应对象
class NotificationHandler: NSObject, UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {
    //对通知进行响应(用户与通知进行交互时被调用)
    func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
                                didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse,
                                withCompletionHandler completionHandler:
        @escaping () -> Void) {
        //根据category标识符做相应的处理
        let categoryIdentifier = response.notification.request.content.categoryIdentifier
        if let category = NotificationCategory(rawValue: categoryIdentifier) {
            switch category {
            case .news:
                handleNews(response: response)
            }
        }
        completionHandler()
    }
     
    //处理新闻资讯通知的交互
    private func handleNews(response: UNNotificationResponse) {
        let message: String
         
        //判断点击是那个action
        if let actionType = NotificationCategoryAction(rawValue: response.actionIdentifier) {
            switch actionType {
            case .like: message = "你点击了“点个赞”按钮"
            case .cancel: message = "你点击了“取消”按钮"
            case .comment:
                message = "你输入的是:\((response as! UNTextInputNotificationResponse).userText)"
            }
        } else {
            //直接点击通知,或者点击删除这个通知会进入这个分支。
            message = ""
        }
         
        //弹出相关信息
        if !message.isEmpty {
            showAlert(message: message)
        }
    }
     
    //在根视图控制器上弹出普通消息提示框
    private func showAlert(message: String) {
        if let vc = UIApplication.shared.keyWindow?.rootViewController {
            let alert = UIAlertController(title: nil, message: message, preferredStyle: .alert)
            alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "确定", style: .cancel))
            vc.present(alert, animated: true)
        }
    }
}

(2)AppDelegate.swift

这里除了申请通知权限外,还注册了一个 category,里面包括两个标准按钮 action,以及一个文本输入 action。

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import UIKit
import UserNotifications
 
@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
     
    var window: UIWindow?
     
    let notificationHandler = NotificationHandler()
     
    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions
        launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {
        //请求通知权限
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current()
            .requestAuthorization(options: [.alert, .sound, .badge]) {
                (accepted, error) in
                if !accepted {
                    print("用户不允许消息通知。")
                }
        }
         
        //注册category
        registerNotificationCategory()
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().delegate = notificationHandler
         
        return true
    }
     
    func applicationWillResignActive(_ application: UIApplication) {
    }
     
    func applicationDidEnterBackground(_ application: UIApplication) {
    }
     
    func applicationWillEnterForeground(_ application: UIApplication) {
    }
     
    func applicationDidBecomeActive(_ application: UIApplication) {
    }
     
    func applicationWillTerminate(_ application: UIApplication) {
    }
     
    //注册一个category
    private func registerNotificationCategory() {
        let newsCategory: UNNotificationCategory = {
            //创建输入文本的action
            let inputAction = UNTextInputNotificationAction(
                identifier: NotificationCategoryAction.comment.rawValue,
                title: "评论",
                options: [.foreground],
                textInputButtonTitle: "发送",
                textInputPlaceholder: "在这里留下你想说的话...")
             
            //创建普通的按钮action
            let likeAction = UNNotificationAction(
                identifier: NotificationCategoryAction.like.rawValue,
                title: "点个赞",
                options: [.foreground])
             
            //创建普通的按钮action
            let cancelAction = UNNotificationAction(
                identifier: NotificationCategoryAction.cancel.rawValue,
                title: "取消",
                options: [.destructive])
             
            //创建category
            return UNNotificationCategory(identifier: NotificationCategory.news.rawValue,
                                          actions: [inputAction, likeAction, cancelAction],
                                          intentIdentifiers: [], options: [.customDismissAction])
        }()
         
        //把category添加到通知中心
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().setNotificationCategories([newsCategory])
    }
}

(3)ViewController.swift 

我们在程序界面打开后就创建通知(5 秒后推送)。特别注意的是要将通知的 categoryIdentifier 设置为需要的 category 标识符,这样系统就知道这个通知对应的是哪个 category。

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import UIKit
import UserNotifications
 
class ViewController: UIViewController {
     
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
         
        //设置推送内容
        let content = UNMutableNotificationContent()
        content.title = "hangge.com"
        content.body = "囤积iPhoneX的黄牛赔到怀疑人生?"
        //设置通知对应的category标识符
        content.categoryIdentifier = NotificationCategory.news.rawValue
         
        //设置通知触发器
        let trigger = UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger(timeInterval: 5, repeats: false)
         
        //设置请求标识符
        let requestIdentifier = "com.hangge.testNotification"
         
        //设置一个通知请求
        let request = UNNotificationRequest(identifier: requestIdentifier,
                                            content: content, trigger: trigger)
         
        //将通知请求添加到发送中心
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().add(request) { error in
            if error == nil {
                print("Time Interval Notification scheduled: \(requestIdentifier)")
            }
        }
    }
     
    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }
}

源码下载:hangge_1845.zip

3,远程推送使用 category

远程推送也可以使用 category,只需要在 payload 报文中添加 category 字段,并指定预先定义的 category id 就可以了。

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{
  "aps":{
    "alert":{
      "title":"hangge.com",
      "body":"囤积iPhoneX的黄牛赔到怀疑人生?"
    },
    "sound":"default",
    "badge":1,
    "category":"news"
  }
}